IPC Section 20: Court of Justice – Indian Penal Code

1. The Code

Section 20 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) defines what constitutes a “Court of Justice” for the purposes of the IPC.

2. Explanation

This section states that a “Court of Justice” includes:

• Any person legally authorized to try offenders against the IPC.
• Any person legally authorized to commit offenders to custody.
• Any person legally authorized to receive confessions or complaints of offences.

3. Illustration

• A Magistrate trying a case under the IPC is a Court of Justice.
• A Police Officer arresting a person for an offence is a Court of Justice.
• A Judicial Magistrate receiving a complaint of theft is a Court of Justice.

4. Common Questions & Answers

Q: Can a private individual be considered a Court of Justice?
A: No. Only persons legally authorized by the law to perform judicial functions are considered Courts of Justice under this section.

Q: Does a court need to be a formal court to be considered a Court of Justice?
A: No. Any person or body performing functions like trying offenders, committing them to custody, or receiving complaints is a Court of Justice, regardless of their formal designation.

Q: Why is it important to define “Court of Justice” in the IPC?
A: This definition is crucial for the interpretation and application of various provisions in the IPC, such as those related to offences against public justice, contempt of court, and obstruction of justice.