Introduction

Permanent Lok Adalats (PLAs) were created under Chapter VIA of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. They provide a quick and affordable way to settle disputes related to public utility services. These forums aim to resolve issues before they reach regular courts.

What Are Public Utility Services under Section 22A

Section 22A defines public utility services broadly. It includes transport services by air, road, or water. They cover postal, telegraph, and telephone services. It also includes the supply of electricity, light, and water. Public sanitation and conservancy services come under it. Hospitals, dispensaries, and insurance services are also included. The government may notify other services as public utilities.

How Do PLAs Function

Parties can approach a PLA before filing a case in court. This forum acts as a compulsory pre-litigation platform. The PLA first attempts conciliation between the parties. If settlement fails, it has the power to decide disputes on merits. However, it cannot handle criminal matters or disputes exceeding one crore rupees. The process remains simple, accessible, and free of cost.
The PLA has jurisdiction over civil matters involving public utility services, provided the dispute does not exceed one crore rupees. Each PLA consists of a judicial officer as Chairman and two members with experience in public utility sectors. Once a case comes before a PLA, parties cannot approach regular courts for the same issue while it is pending there.

Finality of Awards under Section 22E

The award of a PLA is final and binding. Parties cannot challenge it in civil suits or execution proceedings. However, they may approach higher courts through writ petitions. The award carries the same force as a decree of a civil court. The decision is made by majority among the panel members, and it is directly enforceable.

What Are The Benefits of PLAs

Permanent Lok Adalats ensure quick disposal of disputes. They reduce litigation costs since parties do not need to pay fees. They provide ordinary citizens easy access to justice in essential service disputes. By cutting delays and simplifying procedures, PLAs strengthen trust in alternative dispute resolution.

Conclusion

Permanent Lok Adalats play a vital role in settling disputes concerning public utility services. They save time, reduce costs, and make justice accessible. Their binding awards provide effective remedies without the burden of lengthy litigation.

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