The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) operates under Sections 10 to 27 of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. It protects consumer rights, regulates trade practices, and controls misleading advertisements. The authority has wide regulatory, investigative, and adjudicatory powers to safeguard consumer interests in India.
Establishment and Structure
Section 10 allows the Central Government to establish the CCPA with its headquarters in Delhi and regional offices across the country. The Chief Commissioner and other Commissioners manage the authority. Sections 11 to 14 describe the appointment, recruitment, and working procedure of the body. Section 15 requires an Investigation Wing headed by the Director-General to conduct inquiries and investigations.
Powers and Functions
Section 18 gives the CCPA the power to protect and promote consumer rights. It prevents unfair trade practices and takes action against false or misleading advertisements. The authority can act on its own, respond to complaints, or follow directions from the Central Government. It can also file complaints before District, State, or National Consumer Commissions and intervene in ongoing cases.
The CCPA reviews issues affecting consumer rights and suggests remedial measures. It recommends adoption of international best practices. It also promotes research, spreads consumer awareness, and works with NGOs and institutions. The authority can issue guidelines, mandate unique identifiers for goods, and frame standards to prevent unfair practices.
Investigation and Enforcement
Section 19 empowers the CCPA to refer matters for detailed investigation to the Director-General, District Collector, or other regulators. It can demand documents and evidence during inquiries. Section 20 allows the authority to order the recall of unsafe goods or services, seek reimbursement for consumers, and stop unfair practices after hearing the concerned party.
Under Section 21, the CCPA can impose penalties up to ₹10 lakh for false or misleading advertisements. It can also issue directions against endorsers and publishers. While fixing penalties, it considers factors like consumer impact, sales revenue, and frequency of violation. Section 22 allows the authority to conduct search and seizure operations in line with the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
Administrative Provisions
Sections 23 to 27 deal with administrative matters. The CCPA can delegate its powers to other authorities. The Act provides for appeals, government grants, proper accounts, audits, and submission of annual reports.
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Conclusion
The CCPA plays a central role in protecting consumer rights in India. It regulates trade practices, penalizes violations, and ensures consumer safety. With its wide powers, the authority strengthens consumer confidence and promotes fair market practices.
