CrPC Section 343: Magistrate Cognizance Procedure – Explained

1. State the Code

Section 343 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) deals with the procedure for a Magistrate taking cognizance of an offence.

2. Explanation

This section outlines the process by which a Magistrate becomes aware of an offence and decides whether to initiate legal proceedings. This typically happens when:

• A police report (FIR) is filed.
• A complaint is filed by a private individual.
• The Magistrate receives information from other sources about an offence.

The Magistrate can take cognizance of an offence based on:

• A complaint made under Section 190 of CrPC
• A police report under Section 173 of CrPC
• Information received by the Magistrate under Section 190 of CrPC
• Other sources of information

Upon taking cognizance, the Magistrate has several options:

• Issue summons to the accused: This initiates a formal trial.
• Dismiss the complaint: If the Magistrate believes the complaint is frivolous or not based on sufficient evidence.
• Order an investigation: If the Magistrate needs further information before deciding whether to initiate a trial.

3. Illustration

Imagine a situation where someone files a complaint alleging theft of their belongings. The Magistrate, after reviewing the complaint, decides to take cognizance of the offence. The Magistrate can then issue summons to the accused, order an investigation by the police, or dismiss the complaint if deemed insufficient.

4. Common Question and Answers

Q: What is the difference between a complaint and a police report?

A: A complaint is filed by a private individual, while a police report (FIR) is filed by the police after an incident is reported to them.

Q: Can a Magistrate take cognizance of an offence based on newspaper reports?

A: While newspapers can provide information, the Magistrate needs more concrete evidence to take cognizance. Newspaper reports alone are usually not sufficient.

Q: What are the consequences of a Magistrate dismissing a complaint?

A: Dismissal of a complaint means that the Magistrate believes the case is not worth pursuing. The complainant can appeal this decision, but it doesn’t prevent them from filing a fresh complaint.